2024 Panamanian general election

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2024 Panamanian general election
← 2019 5 May 2024 2029 →
Presidential election
Turnout77.64% Increase4.63pp
Reporting
99.74%
as of 3:30 am EST
 
Candidate José Raúl Mulino Ricardo Lombana Martín Torrijos
Party RM MOCA PP
Running mate None[a] Michael Chen Rosario Turner [es]
Popular vote 776,816 558,136 363,402
Percentage 34.24% 24.60% 16.01%
 
Candidate Rómulo Roux Zulay Rodríguez José Gabriel Carrizo
Party CD Independent PRD
Running mate José Blandón Athenas Athanasiadis Camilo Alleyne
Popular vote 258,081 149,833 133,253
Percentage 11.37% 6.60% 5.87%
Presidential results by province or indigenous region
     José Raúl Mulino (11)      Ricardo Lombana (1)      Martín Torrijos (1)      Rómulo Roux (2)      Zulay Rodríguez (1)
President before election

Laurentino Cortizo
PRD

Elected President

José Raúl Mulino
RM

Legislative election
All 71 seats in the National Assembly
36 seats needed for a majority
Turnout75.76% Increase5.05pp
Reporting
99.47%
as of 3:30 am EST
Party Seats +/–
National Assembly
Independents

20 +15
RM

14 New
PRD

13 −22
CD

8 −10
Panameñista

8 0
MOCA

3 New
PP

2 +2
Alianza

2 +2
MOLIRENA

1 −4
This lists parties that won seats. See the complete results below.
Preliminary results
Politics of Panama
Constitution
Executive
Legislature
Administrative divisions
Elections
Foreign relations

General elections were held in Panama on 5 May 2024 to elect a new President of Panama, members of the National Assembly and local governments.[2][3] Due to constitutional term limits, incumbent president Laurentino Cortizo was ineligible for a second consecutive term.[4] The winners of the general election, including the new president of Panama, will be inaugurated on 1 July.[5]

The conservative candidate José Raúl Mulino, who was appointed as presidential candidate of Realizing Goals following the conviction and subsequent disqualification of former president Ricardo Martinelli,[6] won the election with 34.4% of the vote.[7][8] Mulino defeated a total of seven other candidates, among whom his closest rival was Ricardo Lombana of MOCA, who received around 24.8%.[9]

The governing Democratic Revolutionary Party suffered their worst electoral result in their party's history, even though they are the largest political party in Panama.[10] Their candidate, incumbent vice president José Gabriel Carrizo, came in sixth place with 5.83% of the vote; and the party suffered significant losses in the legislative and local elections, losing the mayorships of the most populated districts of the country, including Panama District,[11] San Miguelito,[12] Colón,[13] Arraiján,[14] La Chorrera,[15] David,[16] and Santiago de Veraguas.[17]

In contrast, there was an outstanding performance by new parties and independent politicians. Realizing Goals, the party of the president-elect, which was founded in 2021 by former president Ricardo Martinelli, gained 13 seats in the National Assembly. Another Way Movement, founded in late 2019 by Ricardo Lombana, became the most-voted opposition party by gaining a fourth of the presidential vote, four members of the National Assembly and numerous local governments, including the mayorship of Santiago.[17][18]

Electoral system[edit]

Of the 71 members of the National Assembly, 26 are elected in single-member constituencies and 45 by proportional representation in multi-member constituencies. Each district with more than 40,000 inhabitants forms a constituency. Constituencies elect one MP for every 30,000 residents and an additional representative for every fraction over 10,000.[19] Around three million people were eligible to vote in the election.[20]

In single-member constituencies MPs are elected using the first-past-the-post system. In multi-member constituencies MPs are elected using party list proportional representation according to a double quotient; the first allocation of seats uses a simple quotient, further seats are allotted using the quotient divided by two, with any remaining seats are awarded to the parties with the greatest remainder.[19]

The president is elected by plurality vote in a single round.

Presidential candidates[edit]

Declared[edit]

Candidate selection[edit]

Independent candidates[edit]

In order to get on the ballot, independents had to gather and submit an amount of signatures that exceeded 2% of the vote in the previous election for the position they were seeking, with a maximum of three independent nominations per position.[29][30] The three independent presidential nominations were won by Zulay Rodríguez,[31] a two-term Assembly member for the Democratic Revolutionary Party, Maribel Gordón, an economist and 2019 vice-presidential candidate of the now-defunct Broad Front for Democracy,[32][33][34] and Melitón Arrocha, a former Commerce Minister and member of the Assembly for the Panameñista Party.[35][36]

Realizing Goals[edit]

CandidateVotes%
Ricardo Martinelli57,35596.96
Rubén Darío Campos1,3472.28
Francisco Ameglio3000.51
David Ochy1540.26
Total59,156100.00
Valid votes59,15697.60
Invalid votes1,0391.71
Blank votes4140.68
Total votes60,609100.00
Registered voters/turnout234,70025.82
Source: Tribunal Electoral[37]

The presidential primary of the Realizing Goals party, a new party founded by former president Ricardo Martinelli due to disagreements with the president of Democratic Change (also originally founded by Martinelli), Rómulo Roux,[38][39] was held on 4 June 2023.[40] Martinelli won the nomination with over 96% of the primary vote.[41] He attempted to select his wife, Marta Linares de Martinelli, as his running mate,[42] but the legality of this selection was questioned and resulted in Linares declining the vice-presidential nomination.[43] José Raúl Mulino was subsequently selected as RM's official vice-presidential candidate.[43]

Democratic Revolutionary Party[edit]

CandidateVotes%
José Gabriel Carrizo198,20853.52
Crispiano Adames107,21528.95
Pedro Miguel González34,1749.23
Calixto Silgado9,7132.62
Juan Felipe Pitti9,2582.50
Leonel Alexis Rodriguez4,7321.28
Franklin Arosemena3,8361.04
Eduardo Ríos3,1880.86
Total370,324100.00
Valid votes370,32483.90
Invalid votes23,1935.25
Blank votes47,86010.84
Total votes441,377100.00
Registered voters/turnout731,26760.36
Source: Tribunal Electoral[44]

The ruling Democratic Revolutionary Party held its primary election on 11 June 2023.[45] Incumbent Vice-President José Gabriel Carrizo won with 53.5% of the vote against Assembly member Crispiano Adames[46], who won 29% of the primary vote.[47] He selected Camilo Alleyne, a former health minister[48], as his running mate.[49]

Democratic Change[edit]

CandidateVotes%
Rómulo Roux77,73552.63
Yaníbel Ábrego68,26546.22
Olmido Guillén9610.65
Luis Antonio Daniel De León7360.50
Total147,697100.00
Valid votes147,69796.05
Invalid votes3,6862.40
Blank votes2,3871.55
Total votes153,770100.00
Registered voters/turnout306,54950.16
Source: Tribunal Electoral[50]

The Democratic Change primary was held on 9 July 2023.[51] Rómulo Roux, the party's 2019 presidential candidate and former canal and foreign minister,[52] won the primary with 52.6% of the vote over Yaníbel Abrego, who attracted 46.2% of the vote.[53] Abrego, an Assembly member, ran promising to celebrate an electoral alliance with Martinelli and Realizing Goals.[54]

Panameñista Party[edit]

CandidateVotes%
José Isabel Blandón101,752100.00
Total101,752100.00
Valid votes101,75287.26
Invalid votes1,8731.61
Blank votes12,97911.13
Total votes116,604100.00
Registered voters/turnout253,30846.03
Source: Tribunal Electoral[55]

José Isabel Blandón won the Panameñista Party primary unopposed.[56] The party later formed an electoral alliance with Democratic Change.[57] As such, Rómulo Roux became the party's presidential candidate, while Blandón became the vice-presidential candidate.[58]

People's Party[edit]

The People's Party initially considered forming an alliance with Democratic Change and the Panameñista Party, but this proposal fell through.[59] The party opted to nominate former president Martín Torrijos instead.[60] Rosario Turner, a former health minister, was chosen as his running mate.[61]

Another Way Movement[edit]

The Another Way Movement is a new political party founded by Ricardo Lombana, who came third in the 2019 Panamanian presidential election.[62] It nominated Lombana for the presidency through a national congress, as the party has less than the 100,000 adherents that would require a primary.[63] He selected Michael Chen as his running mate.[64]

Disqualification of Ricardo Martinelli[edit]

In 2021, former president Ricardo Martinelli announced that he would run again for president as leader of Realizing Goals.[65] On 18 July 2023, however, a criminal court sentenced him to more than 10 years' imprisonment for money laundering, relating to the "New Business" case involving the granting of lucrative government contracts to businesses that later transferred money to a front set up by Martinelli.[66] His conviction was upheld by the Supreme Court on 2 February 2024, making him ineligible to run again for president in elections that he wanted to contest later in the year.[67] On 4 March his candidacy was formally revoked by the Electoral Tribunal, which declared his running-mate, former foreign minister José Raúl Mulino, as the replacement presidential candidate in his place without a vice-president.[68][69][70] On 3 May, the Supreme Court voted 8–1 to dismiss a legal challenge against Mulino's candidacy on the grounds that he was not selected as candidate in a party primary and lacked a vice-presidential candidate, arguing that to do so would be a greater harm to Realizing Goals and the Alliance Party, which would have been left without a presidential candidate.[71][70]

Since his conviction in February 2024, Martinelli has insisted that he would continue his presidential campaign, but has since sought asylum at the Nicaraguan embassy in Panama City.[72] He has posted video messages supporting Mulino throughout the campaign.[5]

Campaign[edit]

The election was held against a backdrop of voter discontent. One poll found an 86% disapproval rating for the incumbent president, Nito Cortizo, and that 9 out of 10 of Panamanians thought the country was on the wrong path.[43] Another found two out of three citizens wanted "radical change". The same poll found were 83% are dissatisfied with their democracy.[70]

Among significant issues during the campaign were corruption, the economy, the environment and constitutional reform, with Rómulo Roux and Ricardo Lombana pledging to revise or replace the current constitution enacted in 1972. Specifically, Lombana wants the presdential election to be decided by a run-off.[70] Martín Torrijos pledged to jumpstart the economy by investing in the Panama Canal, while Roux pledged to implement an "aggressive" job creation scheme and improve public services.[5]

The closure of the Cobre Panamá copper mine in 2023 was also a significant issue, with all candidates supporting the Supreme Court's decision to annul a 20-year contract awarded to First Quantum Minerals as unconstitutional. However, Roux, Lombana and Maribel Gordón supported the total closure and conversion of the mining site.[73][5]

On the topic of corruption, Lombana pledged to fight the influence of drug money in Panamanian politics.[70] According to Gallup, 57% of Panamanians believed corruption is the most important issue ahead of the election.[43]

José Raúl Mulino pledged to close the Darién Gap as a route for migrants heading to the United States and repatriate migrants already in Panama, while promising to respect their rights.[74] He also pledged to provide help to Ricardo Martinelli once he was in office.[75] Lombana opposed closing the Darién Gap and instead proposed to improve security conditions for migrants transiting the country.[5]

On 30 April, presidential candidate Melitón Arrocha announced that he was supporting former president Martín Torrijos, but did not formally withdraw his candidacy.[76][77]

Opinion polls[edit]

Pollster Date Sample size Mulino (RM) Martinelli (RM) Lombana (MOC) Carrizo (PRD) Roux (CD) Blandón (PAN) Torrijos (PP) Other Blank
Election Results
(at 99.74% reporting) 		2 May 2024 2,268,600

34.2%

— 24.6% 5.9% 11.4% 16.0% 7.9% —
Gallup Panama 23–27 April 2024 1,200

33.4%

— 17.4% 7.7% 13.3% 17.4% 10.6% —
Statista Research Department 14–20 March 2024 –

35%

— 12% — 14% 15% 19% 5.8%
Mercadeo Planificado 3–5 February 2024 –

26%

— 10.8% 6.5% 10.2% 10.8% — 5.8%
2 February 2024 Ricardo Martinelli is disqualified by the Supreme Court
His running mate José Raúl Mulino becomes Presidential Candidate
Acción Ciudadana 27 January–3 February 2024 1,200 40% 11% 4% 8% 9% — 3%
C&E Research 10–15 January 2024 800 30% 12% 10% 14% 22% — 3%
26 September 2023 José Isabel Blandón ends his Presidential candidacy
Becomes the running mate of Rómulo Roux
Gismo Services S.A. 19–23 August 2023 1,800 29% 5% 28% 13% 10% 7% — 3%
Gallup Panama 2–10 August 2023 1,200 55% 8% 3% 9% 5% 11% 5% 13%
Gallup Panama 17–22 June 2023 1,200 66% 5% 6% 8% 2% 9% 4% 14%
C&E Research 17 May 2023 800 36% 9% 12% 16% 8% 19% — —
C&E Research 11 April 2023 800 44% 10% 3% 8% 5% 18% — 12%
Gallup Panama 13–21 March 2023 1,200 62% 12% 1% 7% 4% 9% 5% 24%
Gismo Services 22–23 February 2023 1,800 33% 6% 29% 13% 9% — 10% 6%
Gallup Panama 9-16 February 2023 1,200 62% 16% 5% 11% 5% — 26%
Gismo Services 17–23 January 2023 1,800 30% 7% 27% 11% 9% — 10% 6%
Gismo Services 6–10 December 2022 1,800 32% 9% 28% 12% 9% — 10% 6%
Gismo Services 3–7 September 2022 1,800 35% 6% 27% 13% 7% — — 12%
Gismo Services 27–31 July 2022 1,800 34.1% 3.4% 26.1% 13.6% 6.8% — — 12%
Gismo Services 7–11 May 2022 1,800 35.3% 4.7% 27.1% 15.3% 8.2% — — 15%
Gismo Services 6–10 April 2022 1,800 37.1% 3.4% 25.8% 14.6% 9% — — 11%
Gallup Panama 11–16 March 2022 1,200 56.6% 13.3% 7.2% 2.4% 6% — 14.4% 17%
Gismo Services 5–10 March 2022 1,800 39.8% 5.7% 23.9% 11.4% 8% — — 12%
Gallup Panama 5–9 February 2022 1,200 57.7% 12.8% 5.1% 4.1% 5.1% — 8% 22%
Gismo Services 3–7 January 2022 1,800 44.9% 5.6% 22.5% 7.9% 5.6% — — 11%
Gismo Services December 2021 1,800 45% 5% 19% 8% 4% — 10% 9%

Conduct[edit]

Polling opened at 07:00 on 5 May and closed at 16:00 Eastern Standard Time.[78] There were no reported incidents, and voting went smoothly.[79]

Results[edit]

Presidential election[edit]

99.74% reporting
CandidateParty or allianceVotes%
José Raúl MulinoRealizing Goals–AllianceRealizing Goals666,93329.40
Alliance Party109,8834.84
Total776,81634.24
Ricardo LombanaAnother Way Movement558,13624.60
Martín TorrijosPeople's Party363,40216.02
Rómulo RouxFor a Better PanamaDemocratic Change137,8756.08
Panameñista Party120,2065.30
Total258,08111.38
Zulay RodríguezIndependent149,8336.60
José Gabriel CarrizoVamos con todo PanamaDemocratic Revolutionary Party125,9315.55
Nationalist Republican Liberal Movement7,3220.32
Total133,2535.87
Maribel GordónIndependent24,4401.08
Melitón ArrochaIndependentPAIS2,4290.11
Independent2,2100.10
Total4,6390.20
Total2,268,600100.00
Valid votes2,268,60097.53
Invalid votes38,4321.65
Blank votes19,0580.82
Total votes2,326,090100.00
Registered voters/turnout3,004,08377.43
Source: Tribunal Electoral[80][81]

Legislative election[edit]

99.47% reporting
PartyVotes%Seats+/–
Realizing Goals14New
Democratic Revolutionary Party13−23
Democratic Change8−10
Panameñista Party80
Another Way Movement3New
People's Party2+2
Alliance Party2+2
Nationalist Republican Liberal Movement1−3
Independents20+15
Total710
Registered voters/turnout2,999,625–
Source: Tribunal Electoral[82][81]

Political independents performed notably well in the election, winning 20 seats for a net gain of 15. Nineteen of these are affiliated with the Coalición Vamos,[83] a political organization dedicated to helping political independents be elected to positions across the country, led by Juan Diego Vásquez and Gabriel Silva[84] and which was endorsed by musician and former tourism minister, Rubén Blades.[85] Eduardo Gaitán, who was elected in the multi-member constituency based in San Miguelito, received the most votes of any candidate for the Assembly in the country.[86][84] Neftalí Zamora, also affiliated with Vamos, became the youngest member-elect of the Assembly.[87]

The election was also noted due to an extremely low rate of reelection among members who ran to retain their seats.[88]

Controversies[edit]

Some seats saw disputed results.

In Bocas del Toro, one seat was allocated to Democratic Change candidate Yesica Romero, while the second is contested between Benicio Robinson, one of the incumbent PRD members who is also the party's president, and Ubalde Vallejos of the Panameñista Party. Official results certified Robinson as the winner, but Vallejos announced he will challenge the results.[89]

In Penonomé, one seat was allocated to Democratic Change candidate Julio De La Guardia, while the second went to Another Way Movement (MOCA) candidate Víctor Carles in preliminary results. In the final results, this seat was instead allocated to PRD incumbent Néstor Guardia. MOCA announced it will challenge these results.[90] The tensions caused by the result in the constituency and the Santiago de Veraguas mayoral election prompted the Electoral Tribunal to call for calm.[91]

In Panama City, two seats emerged in contention. José Pérez Barboni, a MOCA member-elect for the 8-3 constituency, claimed the PRD has attempted to swing the constituency's results in favor of their candidates. Paulette Thomas, a Vamos candidate also elected to another one of the constituency's five seats, backed Pérez Barboni's claims and stated her own election was also at risk.[92] Ultimately, Pérez Barboni was certified as a member-elect.[93]

In the 8-4 constituency, also in Panama City, unofficial results showed Grace Hernández of MOCA winning the constituency's fifth seat; these were challenged by Alejandro Pérez of the Realizing Goals party.[94] Later on, PRD incumbent Victor Castillo also tried to claim the seat.[95]

Mayoral elections[edit]

Panama City[edit]

99.47% reporting
CandidateParty or allianceVotes%
Mayer MizrachiPeople's Party164,52032.62
Edison BroceIndependent Postulation 3Another Way Movement83,01616.46
Independent56,35511.17
Total139,37127.64
Willie BermudezFor A Better PanamaPanameñista Party53,73810.66
Democratic Change40,7828.09
Total94,52018.74
Sergio "Chello" GálvezSave PanamaRealizing Goals51,03410.12
Alliance Party6,5271.29
Total57,56111.41
José Luis Fábrega (inc.)Vamos con todo PanamaDemocratic Revolutionary Party33,0586.56
Nationalist Republican Liberal Movement4,2490.84
Total37,3077.40
Iván BlasserIndependent8,9831.78
Raúl Ricardo RodríguezPAIS2,0440.41
Total504,306100.00
Valid votes504,30697.59
Invalid/blank votes12,4722.41
Total votes516,778100.00
Registered voters/turnout724,40671.34
Source: Electoral Tribunal[96]

Mayer Mizrachi, candidate of the People's Party, won the Panama City mayoral election with 32.5% of the vote, defeating Edison Broce, an independent Assembly member backed by the Another Way Movement, who took 27.4%. Willie Bermudez, head of the local government of the Don Bosco corregimiento backed by the alliance of the Panameñista Party and Democratic Change, won 18.9%.[97] Sergio "Chello" Gálvez, an Assembly member nominated by the alliance of Realizing Goals and the Alliance Party, came in fourth with 11.4%,[98] while incumbent PRD mayor José Luis Fábrega, also nominated by the PRD's electoral allies, the Nationalist Republican Liberal Movement, came in fifth with 7.4% of the vote.[99]

San Miguelito[edit]

99.03% reporting
CandidateParty or allianceVotes%
Irma HernándezIndependent87,74050.02
Zulay RodríguezSave PanamaRealizing Goals44,17425.18
Alliance Party10,6116.05
Total54,78531.23
Héctor CarrasquillaVamos con todo PanamaDemocratic Revolutionary Party17,1919.80
Nationalist Republican Liberal Movement3,2621.86
Total20,45311.66
Ángel SosaFor A Better PanamaDemocratic Change2,4531.40
Panameñista Party2,1941.25
Independent5,1292.92
Total9,7765.57
Carlos EscuderoPAIS2,6501.51
Total175,404100.00
Valid votes175,40497.41
Invalid/blank votes4,6602.59
Total votes180,064100.00
Registered voters/turnout251,30371.65
Source: Electoral Tribunal[100]

Irma Hernández, an independent affiliated with the Coalición Vamos por Panamá, won the San Miguelito mayoral election with just over 50%, defeating her closest rival Zulay Rodríguez (who also ran for president and reelection to the Assembly), nominated by RM and the Alliance Party, who won 31.1%. Héctor Carrasquilla, the incumbent PRD mayor, came in third with 11.7% of the vote.[101]

Arraiján[edit]

Stefany Dayan Peñalba, an independent endorsed by the PP, won the Arraiján mayoral election, defeating PRD incumbent Rollyns Rodríguez.[102]

Colón[edit]

Diógenes Galván, an independent backed by Democratic Change, won the Colón mayoral election with 30.5% of the vote. Luz Omaira, nominated by RM and Alliance, came in second place, while incumbent PRD mayor Alex Lee came in third.[103]

David[edit]

Joaquín De León, nominated by the Panameñista Party and Democratic Change, won the David mayoral election with 41.5% of the vote, defeating Antonio Araúz of the PRD-MOLIRENA alliance, who won 17.9%, and Juancy Morales, nominated by RM, who won 17.8%.[104]

Santiago de Veraguas[edit]

The mayoral election election in Santiago de Veraguas was extremely close. The vote count, where Eric Jaén of the Another Way Movement and Itzela García of the PRD emerged as the primary contenders, generated tensions between supporters of the PRD and the MOCA, with Juan Diego Vásquez, leader of the Vamos Coalition, asking independent candidates to guard the votes.[105] Ultimately, Jaén won over García by a margin of just two votes.[106]

Reactions[edit]

Domestic[edit]

Fellow candidate Ricardo Lombana congratulated Mulino on his victory,[107] followed by Martín Torrijos and Rómulo Roux.[108]

International[edit]

  •  El Salvador — President Nayib Bukele was the first international leader to call Mulino to congratulate him.[109]
  •  United States — Secretary of State Antony Blinken congratulated Mulino on his victory, and said that he looked forward to continued strategic partnerships and curbing irregular migration through the Darien Gap.[110]
  •  European Union — The European External Action Service praised the high turnout and congratulated Mulino while saying they looked forward to working with the new administration. They also sent an Election Expert Mission to make a technical assessment of the electoral process.[111]

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ Mulino was initially nominated as Ricardo Martinelli's running mate. After Martinelli's disqualification as candidate, Mulino assumes the replacement but without a running mate by electoral disposition.[1]

References[edit]

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